一款灯点亮一座城｜封面故事
建筑与光的命题，在设计领域的历史长河中经久不衰。美国现代建筑师路易斯·康曾说过“建筑始于光而终于影。”被后世誉为“现代建筑照明之父”的理查德·凯利则指出：“灯光是建筑设计不可分割的一部分”。
白天，建筑在自然光的照射下形成流动的光影变化，展现生机与活力；夜晚，灯光将明暗、 色彩重新分配，塑造出全新的建筑形象，成为城市夜景最重要的组成部分。
上海玉佛寺
然而在国内的建筑照明建设中，随着产品和技术的进步，灯光对建筑的表达渐渐超越了建筑本身，甚至把建筑、城市景观当成了自我表达的舞台。再结合近年来国内城市夜景规划、夜游经济发展的大势来看，单体建筑的灯光似乎又丧失了更多“自我”，变成了“被控制”的 一部分。
我们邀请了浙江城建规划设计院照明分院院长沈葳、碧谱照明设计有限公司董事李奇峰、深圳金照明实业有限公司工程总监蒋涛、罗莱迪思创始人王忠泉进行隔空对谈，梳理出国内建筑照明的发展历程，以及推动其发展的因素，启发读者对于国内建筑照明的现状及未来，对于灯光、建筑、城市的关系展开更多深入的思考。
沈葳 李奇峰
蒋涛 王忠泉
浙江城建规划设计院照明分院院长 沈葳
Shen Wei, dean of Lighting Branch, Zhejiang Urban Planning and Design Institute Co.,Ltd,
碧谱照明设计有限公司董事 李奇峰
Li Qifeng, director of Brandston Partnership Inc,
深圳金照明实业有限公司工程总监 蒋涛
Jiang Tao, engineering director of Shenzhen Golden Lighting Industry Co., Ltd
罗莱迪思创始人 王忠泉
Wang Zhongquan, founder of ROLEDS
The proposition of architecture and light has been enduring in the history of design. The US modern architect Louis Isadore Kahn says: “A building begins with light and ends with shadows.” And the father of modern architectural lighting Richard Kelly deems that lighting is an inseparable part of architectural design.
In the daytime, the building delivers a flowing light and shadow change under natural light to present vitality; when the night falls, lighting rearranges light, shadow and color to build a new building image, which becomes the most important part of urban night view.
However, in domestic architectural lighting practice, as products and technologies develop, the expression of lighting transcends building itself and even takes building and landscape as a stage of self-expression. Reviewing domestic urban night view planning and night tour economic development in recent years, lighting for single building seems lost itself and being controlled.
We invite Shen Wei, dean of Lighting Branch, Zhejiang Urban Planning and Design Institute Co.,Ltd, Li Qifeng, director of Brandston Partnership Inc, Jiang Tao, engineering director of Shenzhen Golden Lighting Industry Co., Ltd, and Wang Zhongquan, founder of ROLEDS for a talk. According to the conversation, we sort out the development of domestic architectural lighting and elements for development to inspire readers about the status and future of domestic architectural lighting and refl ect on the relation of lighting, building and city.
建筑照明最初是随着商业、娱乐和节日活动的需要而出现的。随着城市的发展，“夜景代表一个城市的发达程度”的观念逐渐建立起来，建筑 照明才真正兴起。
回顾国内建筑照明兴起的开端，就不得不提以下几个标志性事件。
1989 年，上海外滩的建筑照明拉开了国内夜景照明改造的序幕。1999 年，为了庆祝建国 50周年，北京对天安门广场及周边建筑进行了景观照明建设，由此孕育出一批景观照明公司。
而随着新千年的到来，以“美化、绿化、亮化”为目标的城市改造运动在全国各个城市兴起，政府主导的大型夜景工程纷纷上马，掀起了第一轮城市照明热潮，国内的建筑照明也由此一直发展至今。
Architectural lighting was originally developed to meet the needs of business, entertainment and holiday events. With the development of urbanization, architectural lighting rose up when the concept that the night view represents the development degree of a city was gradually established.
Reviewing the rise of domestic architectural lighting, we have to mention the following landmark events.
In 1989, architectural lighting in Shanghai Bund set the beginning of domestic night view lighting. In 1999, in order to celebrate the 50th anniversary of founding our country, landscape lighting of Tian’anmen Square and surrounding buildings was implemented and that was how a large number of landscape lighting companies were born.
As the new millennium came, a city upgrading activity with the goal of “landscaping, greening and lighting” rose around the country and many large night view projects led by the government kicked off, setting off the fi rst wave of urban lighting and domestic architectural lighting developed since then.
自 2000 年兴起至今，国内建筑照明已经走过了 17 年的发展历程， 经历了从传统光源灯具到 LED 灯具的产品升级，经历了从粗放到规范化管理的项目施工转变，更经历了从照亮到美化、艺术化的理念变迁。
这个发展过程大致可分为三个阶段。
Since its rise from the year of 2000, domestic architectural lighting has developed for 17 years and has gone through product upgrade from traditional light source lighting equipment to LED lighting equipment, project implementation management from extensive to standardized and concept change from lighting to pursuit of aesthetics and art, which can be divided into three stages.
“产品和技术是影响建筑照明发展的重要因素，建筑照明的实现对 设备有很强的依赖性。我们能够看到 LED 照明技术的兴起，为建筑 照明带来了个极为广阔的发展空间，也在一定程度上影响了建筑照明 的潮流。” 李奇峰表示。
而作为灯具厂商，王忠泉对此深有体会。特别是在罗莱迪思魔方系列1.0 到 3.0 更新迭代的过程中，他更深刻地感受到了灯具的每一个创新、每一次进步带给建筑照明的推动力。
一款灯点亮一座城
2015 年，罗莱迪思经过 11 年的厚积薄发，推出了极具创新性的灯具产品——魔方系列。该产品最大的特色就是可自由组合拼接，实现 1~1,000W 的功率覆盖，并可用于建筑、山体、桥梁、寺庙等一切 景观照明中。“它的设计理念可以用一句话来概括，就是‘一款灯点亮一座城’！”
对于这个设计理念，王忠泉解释道：“对于工程公司来说，灯具品类越多，采购的成本就越大，交期也越长，后期的维护成本也更大。‘一 款灯点亮一座城’的设计理念很好地解决了照明行业这个很大的痛点！”
除了独特的设计理念之外，魔方系列的光学性能、产品性能也极其出色。于是，魔方系列在投入市场后很快便获得了巨大的成功，不仅成功入选了当时国内外几个颇具影响力的大项目，而且迅速地积累起不错的品牌口碑。
魔方系列
第十三届冬运会场馆室内照明
G20元首航站楼
为超高层建筑投一束光
城市空间向高空延伸，是现代化城市发展的一大标志。近年来超高层建筑层出不穷，上海金茂、上海环球、上海中心、广州国际金融中心、 广州东塔、深圳京基国际金融中心、深圳平安国际金融中心、武汉绿 地中心等纷纷拔地而起。据统计，中国目前已完工、高度在 300 米 以上的建筑物达 55 座，在建设的达 62 座。
面对不断刷新的建筑高度，我们的照明方式、照明产品却鲜有突破。 目前的超高层建筑多采用泛光照明、媒体立面的表现形式，需要的灯具数量较多，灯具的安装、隐蔽、后期维护都是很大的难题。
针对超高层建筑照明的难题，罗莱迪思特别研发了魔方 3.0 系列， 并于今年 10 月正式发布。魔方 3.0 系列在前两代产品的基础上再次升级，最小配光角度可达 3.5°，k 值高达 192，中心光强 10,080,000cd，能提供 300 米以上的极窄光束投光，为高层建筑立面照明提供了一种新的用光选择！
王忠泉表示，魔方 3.0 系列的理念就是打破繁复，让高层建筑尽显纯粹光之美。
只有不断进步的产品、技术才能真正适应建筑照明发展的需求，再反过来推动建筑照明的前进发展。魔方系列 4.0 将为建筑照明带来怎样的惊喜？这个问题的答案值得期待 。
“Product and technology are the main factors for architectural lighting development and the realization of architectural lighting strongly relies on devices. We found that the rise of LED lighting technology has brought an extensive development space for architectural lighting and infl uenced the trend of architectural lighting in some circumstance.” Li Qifeng says.
As a manufacturer of lighting equipment, Wang Zhongquan has a deep understanding of it. During the upgrade process of ROLEDS Matrix Series from 1.0 to 3.0, he could deeply understand that every innovation and progress of lighting equipment brings driving force for architectural lighting.
"One Light Family Light up One City "
After 11 years preparation, in 2015, ROLEDS brought out an innovative lighting product "Matrix Series" which can be combined and stitched freely to realize power coverage from 1 to 1,000W and applied in all landscape lighting like buildings, mountains, bridges and temples. "To conclude its design concept in one sentence, it would be One Light Family Light up One City ".
Concerning the design concept, Wang Zhongquan explains: "For engineering companies, the more categories of lighting equipment, the higher cost would be, thus the lead time would be longer and maintenance cost would be higher. The design concept of lighting up a city with only one light has done a great job in solving the problem."
Besides unique design concept, the optical performance and product performance of Matrix Series are outstanding and it has got great success when put into market. It was not only selected for some domestic and foreign infl uential projects but also gained good reputation.
Casting Light for Super High Building
The extension of urban space to high altitude is a sign of the development of modern cities. In recent years, super high buildings have emerged one after another: Shanghai Jinmao Tower, Shanghai World Financial Center, Shanghai Tower, Guangzhou IFC, Canton East Tower, Shenzhen Kingkey Finance Center, Shenzhen Ping An International Finance Center and Wuhan Greenland Center, etc. It is reported that the number of buildings with over 300 meters height completed is 55 and 62 under construction.
Facing the constantly refreshing height of buildings, there are few breakthroughs for lighting approaches and products however. Most super high buildings apply fl ood lighting and media façade with large number of lighting equipment, which brings problems in installation, shelter and maintenance.
In order to solve the problems of super high building lighting, ROLEDS developed Matrix Series 3.0 and launched in this October which was an upgrade on the previous series: minimum light distribution angle could be 3.5°, maximum k value reaches 192, central light intensity achieves 10,080,000cd and it provide narrow beam cast light for over 300 meters, which is a new option for high building façade lighting. Wang Zhongquan expresses that the concept of Matrix Series 3.0 is to break complexity and reveal the beauty of lighting for high buildings.
Only if the improving products and technologies can adapt the need of architectural lighting development and then go in reverse to push forward the development of architectural lighting. Let’s look forward to Matrix Series 4.0.
“影响建筑照明发展的首先一定是观念。先要搞清楚把建筑照明当什么，也就是对建筑照明的意义有了正确的认知，其他都是手段问题。” 沈葳说道。
李奇峰则表示，长期以来，国内都缺少对建筑照明本质的思考，这也正是国内建筑照明与欧美国家之间的差异，即设计理念的差异。
毕竟，与起步早、发展成熟的欧美建筑照明相比，国内的建筑照明起 步晚，专业人才少，参与者良莠不齐，很多设计者对建筑、对灯光根本就没有自己的理解。因此，我们的建筑照明在相当长一段时间内出 现了不少让人诟病的问题——光污染、色彩艳俗、过分喧闹、文化缺失……
观念的转变不可能一蹴而就，而是需要时间，一点点地积累。所幸，情况已经在渐渐好转。
沈葳表示，国内大规模的建设给了设计师丰富 的实践机会；中国灯具企业的技术进步带来了更多更好用的产品，使 设计师可以进行各种效果的尝试；社会的整体审美水平也在不断提高。 国内的照明设计师在这样的环境下，边干边学，同时也在不断反思， 不断改进。“尊重建筑”“表现建筑的气质”“以人的感受为出发点” 的设计理念在国内越来越受重视，并越来越多地被实践。
G20西湖国宾馆
支付宝大楼
沈葳认为：“景观中的建筑是城市文化风貌的组成，从城市形象战略、 文化战略、民生建设出发，要本着尊重文化本体，尊重人的感受，尊重艺术规律的原则，对建筑进行光环境语境下的表达。避免在政绩工程的思维主导下盲目地建设，在亮度规模上进行攀比，在花哨程度上滥做文章。”
“Concept is the fundamental element that affects the development of architectural lighting. We shall firstly know what is architectural lighting and the rest is all about approaches.” Shen Wei says.
Li Qifeng indicates that the refl ection on nature of architectural lighting is insuffi cient in our country for a long period of time, which is exactly the difference between domestic architectural lighting and European and American countries, difference on design concept.
After all, compared to started early and mature European and American architectural lighting, domestic architectural lighting started late with few professionals. There were good and bad participants and many designers couldn't give their own understanding on architecture and lighting. So there were many problems of domestic architectural lighting that were criticized as light pollution, flashy colors, excessive noise and lack of culture, etc.
The change of concept cannot accomplish at one stroke but needs time to accumulate. Fortunately, it is getting better.
Shen Wei indicates that large scale construction in our country provides opportunities for designers; technological development of domestic lighting equipment enterprises brings out more and better products and designers can try different effects; the overall aesthetic level of the society is also improving. Under such an environment, domestic lighting designers learn while working and then refl ect to make improvement. The design concepts of "respect building", "express the nature of building" and “people orientation" have
gained more and more attention and been applied in practice.
Shen Wei hold: "Buildings in the landscape are part of urban culture and lighting shall start from urban imaging strategy, culture strategy and construction of people’s livelihood with the principle of respecting culture, people and artistic law to build lighting environment for building. Blind construction with the thought of political vanity projects, compare on the scale of brightness and excessive application of fl ashy lighting shall be avoided. "
在我们特殊的国情下，一个行业的兴起、引爆常常与政策挂钩，这一 点在建筑照明的发展中再次得到印证。
近年来，国家频繁出台政策力推 LED 照明的发展，包括“十城万盏”， “十二五”、“十三五”规划，都多次提到了要推动绿色照明、户外 照明等公共照明领域的发展。国家城镇化政策带来的房地产开放、城市基础设施建设的需求，特别是国家为实现城市新一轮产业转型而加 快的特色小镇建设，以及各地政府为推动本地经济发展而进行的旅游项目开发，都给景观照明市场带来了巨大的发展契机。这些都直接或 间接地促进了国内建筑照明的发展。
In our special national conditions, the rise and development of an industry is often related to the policy, which is again confi rmed in the development of architectural lighting.
In recent years, there are many national policies for promoting the development of LED lighting, including “ten cities, thousands of lights", "12th Five-Year Plan", "13th Five-Year Plan", which repeatedly referred to public lighting development of green lighting and outdoor lighting. Real estate development and urban infrastructure construction under urbanization policy, especially construction of special town for realizing a new round of urban industrial transformation and tourism development for promoting local economic development in many places have brought a huge opportunity for landscape lighting market, which has promoted domestic architectural lighting in a direct and indirect way.
“新材料、新技术的发展促使建筑形态有了更丰富的变化，这些变化要求我们去寻找到最合理的、效果最好的建筑照明解决方案，从而推动建筑照明一步步向前发展。”作为施工方，蒋涛对建筑幕墙这几年的发展感受最深， 特别是高层、超高层建筑的出现，对灯具的外形、尺寸、防护等级、安全等级的要求越来越高，对于管线的敷设、施工的工艺也提出了挑战。
另外，随着采用透光材料的建筑越来越多，加上社会对于节能、光污染问题的关注和重视，内透光的照明手法凭借其优势也渐成一股风潮。而随着数字时代的带来，媒体建筑、智能建筑的出现，同样促使我们在照明产品、 设计手法上做出相应的变化升级。
"The development of new material and new technology has realized rich forms of architecture and these require us to find the most reasonable and best architectural lighting solution to drive the development of architectural lighting step by step." As construction party, Jiang Tao has a deep understanding on the development of architectural curtain wall, especially for high and super high buildings, the requirements on shape, size, protection grade and safety grade are getting higher and there are also challenges for installation of pipelines and construction technology.
In addition, as there are more buildings applying transparent material and attention of energy saving and light pollution, more interior transmission lighting becomes popular with its advantages. And as digital times come, emergence of media building and intelligent building also drives us to make relevant changes and upgrades in lighting products and design.
从传统光源到 LED 灯具，从单一的色彩表现到绚烂的光色变化， 从单体建筑照明到大规模的建筑联动，未来的建筑照明还会有怎样的变化趋势？嘉宾们从不同的角度表达了自己的想法和希望。
沈葳认为：“建筑照明当前存在的问题主要是为亮化而亮化， 目标趋同，都是追求绚丽多彩、动感地带，用比别人更夸张的 手段来赢得关注，试图压倒竞争对手。趋同的手段必然导致趋同的城市形象，趋同的城市形象必然导致城市品牌的模糊，进而成为无效的功耗。因此，必须不断提升照明设计的水平。
此外， 随着移动互联、物联网、人工智能的快速发展，社会观念和技 术手段必然趋向融合，如何在这样一个新时代提前介入，用新 思维、新科技、新手段做成新的建筑照明，满足城市样貌的创新，也是个挑战。”
李奇峰则希望“建筑照明能朝着更有创造力，同时也更加理性 的方向发展；照明与建筑、与城市、与人们生活的关系也将更 为紧密”。
蒋涛从实际应用的角度出发，表达了自己的两个期待：
“第一， 希望产品方面还能有更大的突破，例如将大功率灯具体积压缩 到更小，更利于灯具与现场环境的融合。第二，希望将来能研 发出更先进的供电及控制技术，降低成本的同时还能减少一些 管线。如果将来的灯具可以将近距离无线供电及太阳能供电技 术与控制相结合，应该是个不错的方向。”
王忠泉表示：“未来的建筑照明应该实现人性化的智能交互，给人带来愉悦的体验。”
From traditional light source to LED lighting equipment, from mono color to various color change, from single building lighting to large scale building integration, what will be the trend of future architectural lighting? Our guests deliver their thoughts and hopes from different aspects.
Shen Wei deems: "The current problem of architectural lighting is lighting up for lighting itself. All projects bear the same goal of pursuing various colors and dynamic by using excessive approaches to gain attention and overwhelm a competitor. The similar approach would result in similar city images and similar city images would lead to indistinct city brands, which is invalid power consumption.
Thus, we need to improve lighting design constantly. Besides, as the rapid development of mobile internet, IOT and artifi cial intelligence, the social perception and technologies will inevitably integrate. How to take an active part in the new era and build architectural lighting with new concepts, new technologies and new approaches to bring innovation to city image is also a challenge. "
Li Qifeng hopes: "Architectural lighting shall develop towards a more creative and rational direction and lighting’s interaction with building, city and people’s livelihood would be closer."
Jiang Tao expresses his expectations from a practical aspect:" Firstly, products get greater breakthrough, like minimizing the size of high power projection light, which makes it integrate better with the environment. Secondly, we shall develop more advanced power supply and control technology to reduce cost and usage of pipelines. If the future lights can integrate close range wireless power supply, solar power technology with control system, it must be a good trend."
Wang Zhongquan expresses: "Future architectural lighting shall realize humanized intelligent interaction to bring good experience to people."
来源 | 阿拉丁· 设计
